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Top1. Introduction
Electronic monitoring allows employers to continuously and secretly monitor employee activity. If an employee's workplace is equipped with a fully functional computer network, the manager can eavesdrop on all components of the employee's computer work without the employee's consent (Mayanja, 2020; AlHaliq and AlMuhirat, 2016) . Electronic monitoring refers to the automatic collection, storage, analysis, and reporting of information about employee activity in the workplace using a computerized system. Employers can also observe what employees are doing at work and see employee communications, including email and internet activity. Often, can capture and confirm communications that employees consider private (Samaranayake and Gamage, 2012) . Therefore, electronic monitoring makes it possible to monitor many employees at the same time and obtain more detailed information at the same time.
Today, almost every workplace can be subject to electronic monitoring. This technology allows employers to track and report on employee internet activity. In addition, employees' access to surfing and browsing is monitored through reports, active daily monitoring, and online notifications (Ball, 2021; Van Gramberg et al., 2014) . The technology can also capture images of employees' screens regularly, and employers may publish websites they visit, messages they send by email, and more. This indicates that not only is the employee's internet usage monitored, but also the email screen of messages that may be offensive or inappropriate was monitored.
Employers often consider electronic monitoring important to increase employee productivity and ensure quality work. For most employers, there are good business reasons to electronically monitor employees in the workplace, such as assessing employee productivity, protecting company assets from embezzlement, and ensuring compliance with workplace policies (Pillai, 2021) . In the worst case, internet abuse issues such as gambling, online auctions, chat rooms, and blogs can lead to corporate liability with potential illegal activity and proceedings. In some of the studies so far, electronic monitoring contributes to employee negative behavior, indifference to work, absenteeism, lack of trust, and work pressure, in addition to stress and lack of privacy in the workplace (Stanton, 2000; Greenberg, 1986) . It suggests that there is a possibility. These behaviors can have a significant impact on the working life of employees and the bottom line of the company.
Electronic monitoring has positive and negative benefits from both employee and corporate perspectives. The least interest in work transforms the workplace into a suspicious and hostile work environment (Stanton and Julian, 2002; Aiello, 1993) . As a result, employees are less satisfied with their work and are looking for other safe employment opportunities. Employees of many organizations are exposed to various types of privacy-violating surveillance while making a living. However, these activities can affect morale and dignity and increase employee stress.