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Top1. Introduction
The transportation framework is one of the significant pillars for sustainability in current nations. The demand for private transportation has expanded fundamentally following last decade. This leads to an increase in traffic issues like congestion and accidents resulting in fatalities and loss of property. As per the reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO), vehicle collisions are expanding enormously and are expected to turn into the fifth leading reason of death by 2030 (Mitis 2013). Yearly, 1.25 million passengers lose their lives in road mishaps and 40 times more suffer injuries. It is generally recognized that more than 95% of road mishaps are credited to human mistake (Vahdat 2016). In this manner, the automation of vehicles is one of the best solutions for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to take care of such issues. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have attracted tremendous attention in previous years due to its high applicability in managing information dissemination in complex traffic scenarios and consequently due to its high commercial values. In VANET, vehicles are given sensors, actuators, and computation and communication abilities to share their perceptions about their recent state, road dynamics, and traffic circumstance, in form of periodic messages, additionally called Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) in the European standardization structure. In this paper, CAMs information is utilized periodically to gather information about originating vehicle, for example, identification, position, time, speed, and acceleration. Conventional wired networks have different defense mechanisms like firewalls, gateways for protection from malicious content. However, wireless networks are vulnerable to security threats as whole connection can be compromised from any direction. The further refinements in traditional Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) and attractive advancements to provide security and ubiquitous connectivity gives rise to Internet of Vehicle (IoV).
IoV have emerged predominantly to overcome the limitations in VANET like improving secure communication, traffic productivity, travelers comfort and compatibility with various Internet of Thing (IoT) enabled gadgets like sensors, radars, camera etc. To ensure the safety and comfort of passengers IoV envisioned some applications like Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL) to notify rear vehicles about sudden decelerating and prevent them from colliding, Post-Crash Alert (PCA) to send accident occurrence alert messages to vehicles, Road Hazard Situation Notification (RHSN) informing about road conditions, Slow/Stopped Vehicle Indicator (SVI) informing rear vehicles about vehicles moving in extremely slow speed and many more. As vehicular communication has a direct connectivity with public safety aspects and users infotainment applications, it results to easy target by many cyber-attackers e.g., cyber warfare framework, illegal money laundering and potential terrorist attack. Using vehicles as fog infrastructures are the new advent of providing secure information transmission framework (Hussain 2019) (Kumar 2020). One challenging aspect in the security of transmitted information is detection of misbehaving vehicles in context of fake mobility dynamics sharing which results in disruption of potential IoV application and may leads to road mishaps (Mejri 2014). Due to decentralized nature of vehicular communication the cryptographic solutions are costly, high manageability and vulnerable to internal misbehavior. Earlier in VANETs, there is always a possibility of incorrect information being disseminated either due to faulty sensors and/or intentional malicious activities. Therefore, due to the inevitability of security lapses eradicating and preventing sources of such misbehavior vehicular detection is a crucial security component in IoV.