Anuvaad: A Hindi-Sanskrit-Hindi Bilingual Machine Translation System Using Rule-Based Approach

Anuvaad: A Hindi-Sanskrit-Hindi Bilingual Machine Translation System Using Rule-Based Approach

Vishu Madaan, Prateek Agrawal
DOI: 10.4018/IJSESD.295088
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Abstract

Machine Translation is best alternative to traditional manual translation. The corpus of Sanskrit literature includes a rich tradition of philosophical and religious texts as well as poetry, music, drama, scientific, technical and other texts. Due to the modernization of tradition and languages, Sanskrit is not on everyone's lips. Translation makes it convenient for users to understand the unknown text. This paper presents a language Machine Translation System from Hindi to Sanskrit and Sanskrit to Hindi using a rule-based technique. We developed a machine translation tool 'anuvaad' which translates Sanskrit prose text into Hindi & vice versa. We also developed bi-lingual corpora to deal with Sanskrit and Hindi grammar rules and text applied rule based method to perform the translation. The experimental results on different 110 examples show that the proposed anuvaad tool achieves overall 93% accuracy for both types of translations. The objective of our work is to ensure confidentiality and multilingual support, which can be tedious and time consuming in case of manual translation.
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Introduction

In today’s era, English, Chinese, other European languages are widely used and globally accepted. Hindi is also the second highest speaking language in the world. Many Indians speak Hindi as their mother tongue, and its root is still connected to Sanskrit as it is the ancient Indo-Aryan language. Hindi is also one of the most commonly used languages in India. Many people in India are more comfortable in Hindi as compared to any other language. In India itself, there are approximately 120 languages and 240 mother tongues but hardly a few languages are recognized worldwide while the others are losing their existence in society day by day. Likewise, Sanskrit is one among those important languages that are being ignored in society. It is claimed as the second oldest language in the world (Santosh, 2018). The vocabulary of many other languages including Japanese, European, English etc. are influenced from Sanskrit (Ghakkai, 2015). As per the census report of India in 2001, less than 15000 Indians claimed Sanskrit as their mother tongue or preferred it as medium of communication. Hindi and Sanskrit both have Devanagari script. Most of the ancient literature in India is written in Sanskrit language. But nowadays, the Sanskrit language is losing its importance and existence day by day. Youth is majorly diverted and disconnected from its cultural heritage and rich treasure of their cultural and ethical literature. The Sanskrit language is one of the highly impactful languages but speakers of Sanskrit language are decreasing day by day (Ramasubramanian, 2019; Chaudhary, 2015). With the current situation, it will not be surprising if Sanskrit will be a historical language very soon. In the future, no more Sanskrit scholars will be available, and a very rich and ancient Indian literature will be disconnected from human civilization. A key reason behind poor acceptance of Sanskrit is due to language barrier among Indian masses and lack of knowledge about this language among people. Learning a Sanskrit language can be easier for today’s generation using a Sanskrit - Hindi translator. Anyone can have a better understanding of languages with the help of user friendly language translators. As we know that Hindi ranks fourth in terms of speaker’s size in the world and over 60 Million people in India are Hindi internet users (Brown & Mishlov, 2018). In the view of above stated facts, our attempt is just to connect a big crowd of Hindi users with Sanskrit language and make them familiar at least with the basics of Sanskrit. We developed a translation tool with strong bi-lingual corpora to translate Sanskrit to Hindi and Hindi to Sanskrit translation effectively and efficiently. It's an impractical idea to talk about a manual translation of languages. In the world with full of advanced technologies, it is not worth depending on manual approach of language translation. Natural language processing (NLP) is the domain area in the field of computer science which deals with these kinds of language translation and enables computers to interact with human beings in natural languages (Rich et. al., 2012).

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