A Deep Comprehensive Research Architecture, Characteristics, Challenges, Issues, and Benefits of Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vanet Architecture

VANETs architecture primarily comprises the 'V' as vehicles, 'RSUs’ as Road Side Units, and ‘I’ as Infrastructure Domain. Communication is carried out mostly by using ‘IEEE 802.11p’ as wireless standards. Road Side Unit or ‘RSU’ works as a router with greater coverage, i.e., higher than normal vehicle’s range. An ‘OBU’ or Onboard Unit is installed in Vehicles (V) for communication. Vehicles also possess a ‘GPS’ unit or know its position and track the position of other vehicles.

VANETs can be categorized into four kinds of communication, which are closely associated with VANET's components. Here are the key roles of every communication. RSU acts just as a router that provides services to vehicles on the move. They are laid out rigid units alongside a road in an appropriate manner to maintain the coverage & connectivity to every vehicle. The major functions of RSU are to increase communication range in VANET by relocating data to all the OBUs &to send data other related RSUs. They perform as the source to provide information and also offer a network connection to all OBUs. Here, an RSU uses the gateway to link to the web.

Figure 1.

VANET’s Architecture (Faezipour et al., 2012)