Article Preview
Top1. Introduction
As an augmentation in the quantity of wireless data traffic incessantly, there is a demand to provision this proliferation in 5G networks. MIMO technologies are one of the candidates for the physical layer model of 5G networks. MIMO based on transmitting disparate signals over manifold antennas to gain capacity. Multiple antenna technologies containing 3D MIMO beamforming have drawn much interest among academia and research communal (Liu et al., 2017; Yadav and Tripathi, 2020) and (Zhang et al., 2018). It forms the three-dimensional beam between the transmitter as well as receiver by the antenna array (Zhang, Jon et al., 2017). In traditional 2D MIMO beamforming approaches, consider only the azimuth angle, and constant vertical patterns. It introduces difficulty in providing access to multiple users for communication (Liu, Feng et al., 2018). To resolve issues in the 2D-MIMO beamforming, 3D-MIMO beamforming has emerged.
Figure 1 elucidates the 3D-MIMO beamforming in the 5G networks. Here, vertical together with horizontal BF procedures are shown in detail. By exploiting BF in both the dimension provides better signal strength during communication (AissaouiFerhi et al., 2019). There have been many works concentrating on BF in the MIMO system. Authors (Rachard et al., 2019; Yadav and Tripathi, 2021) consider the spatial distribution of the user locations to form the 3D MIMO beamforming in 5G networks. An optimization algorithm is considered for the 3D MIMO beamforming in 5G networks (Yuan et al., 2015). In recent days, artificial intelligence techniques, says ML, have grown drastically in wireless terminals (Xie, Ji et al., 2019). A most propitious artificial intelligence tool is ML, which is implemented to model different technical problems of smart wireless terminals or next-generation networks. Additionally, the computational intricacy augments exponentially with the augmentation of the system scale aimed at resource allocation issues, which are complicated to solve. BF is a sort of these problems. But, a possible technical approach is rendered by ML for solving such problems. Some of the works have concentrated on utilizing the ML algorithm in BF (Kwon, Lee et al., 2019). Here, the MIMO antenna based Base Station (BS) is utilized to perform BF in the network. In this BF, the network capability together with spectral efficiency is considered for attaining a higher gain.