Abstract
A question of central importance for researchers and practitioners is how information technology can help organizations to survive and thrive in turbulent and constantly changing business environments. The objective of this study is to identify the leading trends that have influenced the research and the prominent themes published using a scientific approach. Major themes discussed in this article include change management, digital transformation, digitalization, sustainability. Some areas of research have been extensively studied, while others are starting recently. In addition, trends are identified, and different future research themes are proposed.
TopIntroduction
Digital Transformation permits new businesses implement, digital business models, and processes. Innovation is used as a key to companies for competitiveness, it is the way forward for firms that want to grow in today’s complex and turbulent environment (Andrew, et al, 2009; Barsh, et al, 2007). Whether organizations are long established or new, those that manage to grasp leading positions are the ones that innovate faster and possess the relevant knowledge to uphold their innovativeness (Desouza et al., 2009).
Organizations faces two simultaneous challenges:
- 1.
They constantly perform and innovate to sustain their position on the marketplace and secondly, they must transform themselves so that they can navigate fundamental shifts in their environment in terms of market and technology (Garud et al., 2006). In other words, they have to re-design themselves with agility to anticipate and adapt to changes, searching constantly for innovation while sustaining performance daily.
- 2.
In other way of analysis, recent literature echoes the emerging role of social media – a new practice for harnessing the power of mass collaboration, shaping new modes of behavior and facilitating knowledge flows in networks across organizational boundaries; all of these features are essential for company innovativeness (Noteboom, 2000; Weinberg et al., 2013).
The use of social media applies methodologies constantly prints the essence, throw continuous improvement, of the Knowledge Management and Change Management. Through its capacity is to build up a model of intelligence from human interactions and processes, turning lead to collaboration if trust and reciprocity are at work (Boughzala et al., 2010). The relationships between the design requirements for an innovative enterprise and the implementation of the emerging practice of social media takes the form of a layered cycle and draws a distinction between sectors, processes and components that delivers digital infrastructure, and create digital services, and consume digital services/infrastructure. Digital infrastructure consists of data as the raw material, the network sector, the data center sector, and the cloud and hosting sector. Digital services are created and delivered by software and digital companies. Digital data, infrastructure and services are purchased by businesses, consumers, and the government (digital consumption), facilitated by linking on-premises IT infrastructure and devices such as smartphones, tablets. (Alaerds et al., 2017) social media (SM) has become very popular, etymologically speaking, social media dates from the ascent of humankind, since humans have always looked for different ways to communicate, and to change. Today, social media can be understood as “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user generated content” (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Digitalization: Is the process of turning analog processes and physical objects into digital.
Digital Sustainability: In concrete terms, this means that digital information must be financially, organizationally, and technically modifiable and available to all.
Digital Transformation: It is a change of mentality that companies go through to become more modern and keep up with the technological advances that are constantly emerging.
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL): ITIL, an acronym for Information Technology Infrastructure Library, is a best practice guide, developed by the British government's Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA), on managing of information technology services that focuses on aligning services with business needs. Developed in the 1980s with last update in 2019 (ITIL 4) The guide underpins the foundations of ISO/IEC 20000, the international standard for managing IT services (International Service Management Standard), becoming the most widely adopted IT service management in companies. ITIL describes processes, procedures, tasks, and checklists that are neither organization-specific nor technology-specific but can be applied by an organization to establish integration with the organization's strategy, delivering value and maintaining a minimum level of competence. It allows the organization to establish a baseline from which to plan, implement and measure. It is used to demonstrate compliance and measure improvement. There is no independent third-party compliance assessment available for ITIL compliance in an organization. ITIL certification is available to individuals only.
Change Management: It is a process of allocating resources, to transform the organization, with the objective of improving its effectiveness.
Information Systems: The collection of technical and human resources that provide the storage, computing, distribution, and communication for the information required by all or some part of an enterprise.
Processes: Integration of components for collection, storage, and processing of data of which the data is used to provide information, contribute to knowledge as well as digital products that facilitate decision making.