Abstract
The Moroccan education system is faced with the difficulty of instituting good governance to improve the quality of academic services and pursue a sustainable sector performance. Unfortunately, the challenge has become more complicated with the adoption of online education as a response to the COVID-19 crisis. This chapter is primarily grounded on the tracks of improvement of the educational system governance by grounding on its literature (theoretical and empirical), clarifying the regulatory and institutional framework of the educational system, and presenting the stakes of the MASSAR system as well as the mechanism that it exerts in the approximation and the bringing together of the stakeholders. Finally, the authors give attention to the governance of the Moroccan education system in the era of online education. The results show that the educational governance is far from being completed and that the COVID-19 crisis has reinforced pre-existing inequalities, thus questioning the effectiveness of the governance system in the education sector.
TopMain Focus Of The Chapter
The objective of this work is to present the main aspects of the governance of the Moroccan education system while emphasizing the governance of the education system in the era of online education. It is in this context that our research work is done. Also, our problem led to the definition of the following central question: How can we evaluate the governance of the educational system in Morocco in the era of online education? To better frame our problem, we will try to answer the following three research questions below:
- 1.
To what extent do education policies in the era of COVID-19 impact the improvement of education sector governance?
- 2.
How can we assess the impact of educational reforms on the quality of governance of the educational system?
In this chapter, the authors attempt to outline the state of the Moroccan education system and highlight the role of governance in this sector as well as the challenges it faces in the era of online education and ways to improve it. This chapter will be articulated around four sections, the first one will target a literature review of the governance of the education system, and the second will focus on the recent reforms of the governance of the sector in Morocco especially those related to online education, while the last one will focus on a critical review of the authors, it will serve as a conclusion.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Education: It is the development of learning, the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development. Originally, it was a transmission of cultural inheritance from one generation to the next. Nowadays, educational objectives include more and more new ideas such as the liberation of learners, critical thinking about the information presented, skills needed for modern society, empathy, and complex professional skills.
Massar: It is an assessment system that provides students and their parents/guardians with information regarding grades for ongoing tests and exams in Morocco. It also allows them to know the timetable, the dates of the continuous tests, the attendance, and the individual follow-up of the performance of each student.
Governance: It is the set of institutions through which decision-makers in a country exercise power to achieve the common good of its citizens. Governance puts the interaction between power and the search for the common good.
Educational Governance: The governance of education refers to the modalities of design, operation, production, regulation, control, and evaluation of the public service of education which is implemented through all the delegations of public service that the State grants to public entities which are each responsible for their missions on their perimeter of intervention.
Advanced Regionalization: It is a structural and administrative organization whereby the government or the central authority provides some powers to the constituents of the territorial integrity of the state, to promote local development, activate trade exchange, and bring the administration and the state in general closer to the citizen’s concerns.
Educational System: It is made up of all the elements and actors that are involved in education and training. The study of an educational system enables us to better comprehend its functioning, mechanisms, and effects, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the different systems.
Regional Academy of Education and Training: It is a public institution in Morocco, governed by law. Responsible for the implementation, within its territorial authority, of the educational and training policy and training policy, considering the national priorities and objectives established by the supervisory authority.